北京夏季城市热岛现状及楔形绿地规划对缓解城市热岛的作用   总被引：20，自引：2，他引：20       下载免费PDF全文

佟华  刘辉志李延明桑建国胡非 《应用气象学报》2005,16(3):357-366

通过遥感技术与地面测定相结合的方法，对北京城市热岛现状作观测研究，得到北京城市地面的温度分布特点。使用北京大学城市边界层模式从气象观点就“楔形绿地”规划对北京城市气候的影响进行研究和评价，模式通过对城市地表复杂性和多样性的特征进行细致描述，建立了一个细致模拟城市特点的城市边界层能量平衡模式，并用此能量平衡模式得到的地面温度作为下边界条件，中尺度气象模式MM5做初始场和侧边界条件，建立一个最小分辨率为500 m的城市边界层模式系统，来研究城市边界层在中尺度背景场作用下的精细结构。通过个例模拟，模式能够较准确地模拟城市边界层的风温场分布情况，可以用来对楔形绿地规划进行模拟试验。通过对规划后的气象场在特定的气象条件下进行模拟，结果显示，建造大型的楔形绿地后，绿地区域及绿地周围约1 km以内的地区温度有所降低，降低的程度由规划前后的地表类型改变的剧烈程度、风速大小及与绿地的距离决定，但是这种规划方案却会因城市的下风方向的风速减小而导致通风不畅。  相似文献   

大气边界层湍流温度序列的信息熵分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

汪景烨  付遵涛  张霖  刘式达 《高原气象》2005,24(1):38-42

利用大气边界层内近地面的大气湍流温度时间序列，运用功率谱分析、信息熵分析等方法，分析了大气边界层内近地面的大气湍流特点，并对稳定层和不稳定层的大气湍流进行了对比。结果表明，信息熵和功率谱指数是区别稳定层结和不稳定层结大气边界层湍流特征的指标，对造成两者之间的差别做出了对应的解释。  相似文献   

五道梁地区总辐射的年际变化   总被引：10，自引：4，他引：10  

李韧  季国良  杨文 《高原气象》2005,24(2):173-177

利用实测的太阳总辐射通量密度及地气温差资料，建立了月平均地气温差与月平均太阳总辐射通量密度的回归方程，并用该回归方程计算了五道梁地区1980-1993年共14年的月平均总辐射通量密度，分析了该地区总辐射通量密度的年际变化，发现该地区总辐射通量密度具有较明显的6～7年的振荡周期。20世纪后10年年平均总辐射通量密度有增大的趋势。  相似文献   

利用树木年轮重建柴达木地区5～6月地温     

朱西德  秦宁生  李栋梁  王振宇  李林  汪青春 《高原气象》2005,24(3):331-337

依据青海海西德令哈、乌兰的树木年轮资料序列与柴达木地区1962—2001年5～6月份地温资料序列之间较好的同期相关特征，重建了柴达木地区5～6月份地面Ocm温度及地面最高温度千年历史资料序列。运用乘积平均值、误差缩减值等方法对重建方程进行了检验，证明重建序列可信。通过分析发现，在重建的1098年中，有6个主要的冷期和6个主要的暖期，地面0cm温度序列存在12个主要突变期，地面最高温度序列存在15个主要突变期。周期分析表明，地面0cm温度和地面最高温度均存在183年、122年和91年左右的长周期以及6．8年和2～3年的短周期。  相似文献   

一次冬季锋面暴风雪天气过程的斜压边界层特征的观测分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Xu Yinlong  Qian Fenlan  Chen Zhi  Li Shiming  Zhou Mingyu 《大气科学进展》2002,19(1):153-168

对STORM-FESTIOP17一次冬季锋面暴风雪天气过程的斜压边界层结构演变及特征进行了分析。发现：暖湿空气沿锋面抬升凝结成云，产生降水过程中释放的大量潜热显著增加锋两侧的水平温度差异，产生锋生。与锋生相伴，在锋前产生低空急流和高空急流。当锋生至最强时，锋两侧温差可达20K，锋前低空急流开始减弱，锋后低空急流增强，锋后冷平流开始主导锋两侧的环流系统。该冷平流削弱锋两侧的温度水平梯度，产生锋消作用。对这次锋面斜压对流边界层的湍流特征分析表明：在边界层之上切应力wv明显增大；湍能收支分析表明在边界层之上的风切变产生项很强，即大尺度天气系统有利于斜压对流边界层的发展，边界层内各量充分混合。这次冬季锋面暴风雪天气过程，冷锋前的低空南风急流从墨西哥湾携带来的充足水汽及锋区边界层大气的强斜压性是其产生的关键因子：冷锋过后，大尺度高空急流的作用更有利于对流边界层的充分发展。  相似文献   

Observations Of Nocturnal Drainage Flow In A Shallow Gully     

M.R. Soler  C. Infante  P. Buenestado  Larry Mahrt 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2002,105(2):253-273

The formation of cold air drainage flows in a shallow gully is studied during CASES-99 (Cooperative Atmosphere-Surface Exchange Study). Fast and slow response wind and temperature measurements were obtained on an instrumented 10-m tower located in the gully and from a network of thermistors and two-dimensional sonic anemometers, situated across the gully. Gully flow formed on clear nights even with significant synoptic flow. Large variations in surface temperature developed within an hour after sunset and in situ cooling was the dominant factor in wind sheltered locations. The depth of the drainage flow and the height of the down-gully wind speed maximum were found to be largest when the external wind speed above the gully flow is less than 2 m s^-1. The shallow drainage current is restricted to a depth of a few metres, and is deepest when the stratification is stronger and the external flow is weaker. During the night the drainage flow breaks down, sometimes on several occasions, due to intermittent turbulence and downward fluxes of heat and momentum. The near surface temperature may increase by 6 ° C in less than 30 min due to the vertical convergence of downward heat flux. The mixing events are related to acceleration of the flow above the gully flow and decreased Richardson number. These warming events also lead to warming of the near surface soil and reduction of the upward soil heat flux. To examine the relative importance of different physical mechanisms that could contribute to the rapid warming, and to characterize the turbulence generated during the intermittent turbulent periods, the sensible heat budget is analyzed and the behaviour of different turbulent parameters is discussed.  相似文献   

Elemental particle size distributions. Measured and estimated dry deposition in Sfax region (Tunisia)     

M. Masmoudi  I. Belghith  M. Chaabane 《Atmospheric Research》2002,63(3-4)

Mass size distribution of the crustal elements (Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Si, Ti), anthropogenic elements (Zn, Mn, Cr, Cu, K, P, Pb) and sea elements (Na, Cl) were obtained from measurements carried out with an inertial cascade impactor in Sfax. A fitting procedure by data inversion was applied to those data. This procedure yields accurate size distributions of aerosols in the diameter range 0.1–25 μm in two different sites. In a coastal industrial site, the mass distribution of the aerosol showed a bimodal structure; and in urban area, the lower particle mode cannot be observed. The elemental dry deposition flux was calculated as a function of particle size. The element flux size distribution increased rapidly with particle size. The modelling results indicate that the majority of the crustal and anthropogenic elements flux (>90%) was due to particles larger than 3 μm in diameter.  相似文献   

Formation of a shelfbreak front by freshwater discharge     

Chandrasekher Narayanan  Richard W. Garvine   《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2002,36(1-3)

The circulation and transport of freshwater generated by an idealized buoyant source is studied using a three-dimensional primitive equation model. Freshwater enters the continental shelf, turns anticyclonically and moves downstream in the direction of Kelvin wave propagation. In the region close to the source, the flow reaches an equilibrium in the bottom boundary layer so that freshwater does not spread offshore any further. This offshore equilibrium distance increases as we move downstream until the freshwater is able to feel the presence of the shelfbreak. A shelfbreak front forms and the shelfbreak prevents any further offshore spreading of freshwater in the bottom boundary layer.Two complimentary mechanisms are responsible for the slow cross-shelf migration of freshwater and subsequent trapping of shelfbreak fronts: bottom stress and topographic changes. The shelfbreak creates an active, dynamic process preventing leakage from the continental shelf region to the slope region. However, the dynamical process that traps the front to the shelfbreak is still unclear.The location of the shelfbreak front depends on four dimensionless parameters: scaled inlet volume transport, scaled breadth, scaled “diffusivity” and scaled shelf width. We develop empirical relations for predicting the location of the frontal bottom intersection, given these parameters.  相似文献   

鄂西火烧坪地区岩溶生态环境系统及生态农业模式初探     

万军伟  杨俊  王增银  潘欢迎 《地质科技情报》2002,21(1):71-74,82

通过对鄂西火烧坪地区的自然地理、地质构造、水文地质、土壤、植被及社会经济等方面的初步研究表明，在岩溶化作用十分强烈的岩溶山区，当气候、地形地貌、地质构造等条件匹配较好时，同样存在着一些极其有利于农业、林业发展的特殊生态环境。在这些地区，结合当地植物资源特点和市场需求，通过农作物类型的调整，能够在短时间内使当地摆脱贫穷的面貌。但在发展经济的同时必须特别关注当地土地资源相对缺乏、水资源时空分布不均、生态环境脆弱等不利因素，做到适度开发，稳步发展，才能从根本上实现小康目标。  相似文献   

可控深度电法对水平柱体和垂直界面的计算和实验     

包本刚  黄志平 《地质与勘探》2002,38(2):71-74

球状地球体可控深度电法的效应系数可近似地全面表达可控深度电法和各种效应。通过点源二度体的电算模拟实验，证明了该方法在水平柱状体和地下存在电阻率垂直界面的条件下，也是有效的。  相似文献